Five Kingdom Classification

Progress Check 1

Question 1

Rearrange the following categories of animal grouping in a sequence starting from the highest downward to the lowest.

Class

Phylum

Species

Genus

Kingdom

Answer

Kingdom

Phylum

Class

Genus

Species

Question 2

Tick-mark the features that characterise vertebrates:

1. Dorsal nerve cord
2. Haemoglobin dissolved
3. Three or more pairs of limbs
4. A tail behind the level of the anus
5. Dorsal heart

Answer

The features that Characterise vertebrae are:

1. Dorsal nerve cord
2. A tail behind the level of the anus

Progress Check 2

Question 1

Mention the name of the phylum against the following characteristics

1. No single mouth but numerous pores as water inlets ............... .
2. Jointed appendages ............... .
3. Unsegmented body with a protective calcareous shell ............... .
4. Locomotion by tube feet ............... .
5. Long, cylindrical and unsegmented body ............... .
6. Small, flat, unsegmented worms ............... .

Answer

1. No single mouth but numerous pores as water inlets — Porifera.
2. Jointed appendages — Arthropoda.
3. Unsegmented body with a protective calcareous shell — Molluscs.
4. Locomotion by tube feet — Echinodermata.
5. Long, cylindrical and unsegmented body — Nematoda.
6. Small, flat, unsegmented worms — Platyhelminthes.

Question 2

Name the phyllum of each of the following invertebrates

Answer

Progress Check 3

Question 1

Listed below are eleven characteristics (i-xi) in Column I and the five classes (a-e) of Chordata in Column II. Match at least two characteristics with each class.

Answer

Question 2

Mention the class of vertebrates against each.

1. Crocodile
2. Penguin
3. Toad
4. Shark
5. Whale
6. Bat
7. House lizard

Answer

1. Crocodile — Reptile
2. Penguin — Aves
3. Toad — Amphibian
4. Shark — Pisces
5. Whale — Mammalia
6. Bat — Mammalia
7. House lizard — Reptile

Multiple Choice Type

Question 1

The animals (Kingdom Animalia) are mainly grouped under two categories

1. bilaterally symmetrical and radially symmetrical
2. coelomate and acoelomate
3. aquatic and terrestrial
4. vertebrates and invertebrates

Answer

vertebrates and invertebrates

Reason — Kingdom Animalia is sub-divided into vertebrates and invertebrates.

Question 2

Which one of the following examples does not come under the particular group?

1. Mushroom, Yeast, Fern — Fungi
2. Paramecium, Euglena, Sponge — Protista
3. Starfish, Roaches, Dogfish — Pisces
4. Bat, Parrot, Oyster — Vertebrates

Answer

1. Fern.
2. Sponge.
3. Starfish.
4. Oyster.

Reason —

1. Mushroom and Yeast are Fungi whereas Fern comes under Pteridophyta.
2. Paramecium and Euglena are Protists while Sponge comes under Porifera.
3. Starfish comes under Echinodermata, Roaches and Dogfish are Pisces.
4. Bat and Parrot are vertebrates but Oyster (Mollusc) is invertebrate.

Question 3

Which one of the following is an example of binomial scientific name?

1. Green alga
2. Snow leopard
3. Rana tigrina
4. China-rose

Answer

Rana tigrina

Reason — In print, scientific names are always in italics. In the given options, Rana tigrina is in italics, hence it is a binomial scientific name. The binomial scientific name consists of two parts — Genera and species. Rana tigrina is the scientific name of Frog.

Question 4

Which one of the following is the correct statement about the respective animal(s)?

1. Donkey and horse should be considered one single species because they can successfully mate and produce an offspring.
2. Donkey and horse are two different genuses.
3. Mule is a separate species.
4. Mule is neither a donkey nor a horse

Answer

Mule is neither a donkey nor a horse

Reason — It is a cross (hybrid) between a male donkey and female horse.

Question 5

Which of the following is the lowest category among the levels of classification ?

1. Class
2. Family
3. Order
4. Genus

Answer

Genus

Reason — Genus is the second lowest category among the levels of classification after species.

Question 6

Unicellular, prokaryotic Organisms belong to:

1. Protista
2. Fungi
3. Monera
4. Both (a) and (c)

Answer

Monera

Reason — Kingdom Monera includes single-celled organisms having no organized nucleus.

Question 7

Which of the following organisms is chlorophyllous ?

1. Penicillium
2. Euglena
3. Paramecium
4. Toadstool

Answer

Euglena

Reason — Some of Euglena are chlorophyllous and show photo-autotrophic nutrition.

Question 8

Cycads and Conifers are two types of-:

1. Gymnosperms
2. Pteridophytes
3. Angiosperms
4. Bryophytes

Answer

Gymnosperms

Reason — Cycads and Conifers bear naked seeds.

Question 9

The leaf-like structure of Bryophytes is termed as-

1. Phylloclade
2. Phyllode
3. Cladode
4. Phyllids

Answer

Phyllids

Reason — Bryophytes lack true leaves. The leaf like structure in them is called Phyllids.

Question 10

Which of the following belongs to class Pisces ?

1. Jellyfish
2. Dogfish
3. Silverfish
4. Cuttlefish

Answer

Dogfish

Reason — Jellyfish, Silverfish and Cuttlefish belong to Cnidaria, Arthropoda and Mollusca respectively.

Very Short Answer Type

Question 1

Who had introduced the binomial system of naming living beings?

Answer

Carolus Linnaeus had introduced the binomial system of naming living beings.

Question 2

Which two characters out of (a)-(e) given below are common to dog, humans, squirrel, bat, camel and monkey?

(a) scales on the skin

(b) wings

(c) external ears

(d) give birth to young ones

(e) a functional tail

Answer

The two characters common to dog, humans, squirrel, bat, camel and monkey are:

(c) external ears

(d) give birth to young ones

Question 3

Match the items in Column I with as many as possible and even repeatedly from Column II.

Answer

Question 4

What are the group names of the following categories of animals?

(a) Animals with a backbone

(b) Animals with a hairy skin

(c) Animals with three pairs of legs

(d) Animals with feathers

Answer

(a) Animals with a backbone — Vertebrata

(b) Animals with a hairy skin — Mammalia

(c) Animals with three pairs of legs — Insecta

(d) Animals with feathers — Aves

Question 5

Which ones of the following animals are invertebrates?

Housefly, Silverfish, Trout, Jellyfish, Whale, Penguin, Lizard and Sponge.

Answer

Invertebrate animals:

1. Housefly
2. Silverfish
3. Jellyfish
4. Sponge

Question 6

Name three animals (belonging to different classes) which breathe by means of lungs but have no external ears (pinnae).

Answer

1. Class Amphibia: Tree frog

2. Class Reptilia: Cobra

3. Class Aves: Duck

Question 7

Given below is a list of ten animals each followed by three terms or features. Underline the term which does not match with the animal.

1. Amoeba — Nucleus, tentacle, food vacuole.
2. Hydra — Invertebrata, Cnidaria, Crustacea.
3. Fish — Gills, paired fins, ear drum.
4. Earthworm — Invertebrata, Annelida, Insecta.
5. Grasshopper— Wings, trachea, proboscis.
6. Butterfly— Insecta, Invertebrata, Mollusca.
7. Whale — Gills, mammary glands, fat under the skin.
8. Pigeon — Feathers, wings, hair.
9. Monkey — External ear, sweat glands, lateral line.
10. Bat — Aves, Mammalia, Chordata.

Answer

For each of the animal, below is the term which does not match with the animal:

1. Amoeba — tentacle
2. Hydra — Crustacea
3. Fish — ear drum
4. Earthworm — Insecta
5. Grasshopper — proboscis
6. Butterfly — Mollusca
7. Whale — Gills
8. Pigeon — hair
9. Monkey — lateral line
10. Bat — Aves

Short Answer Type

Question 1

Name these:

(a) Five kingdoms under the recent scheme of classification.

(b) Five divisions of kingdom Plantae.

(c) Eight phyla of Invertebrates.

(d) Five classes of Chordata.

(e) Two types of fishes on the basis of their skeletons.

Answer

(a) The five kingdoms according to the new classification are:

1. Kingdom Monera
2. Kingdom Protista
3. Kingdom Fungi
4. Kingdom Plantae
5. Kingdom Animalia

(b) Five divisions of kingdom Plantae are:

1. Thallophyta
2. Bryophyta
3. Pteridophyta
4. Gymnosperms
5. Angiosperms

(c) Eight phyla of Invertebrates are:

1. Porifera
2. Cnidaria
3. Platyhelminthes
4. Nematoda
5. Annelida
6. Arthropoda
7. Mollusca
8. Echinodermata

(d) Five classes of Chordata are:

1. Pisces
2. Amphibia
3. Reptilia
4. Aves
5. Mammalia

(e) Two types of fishes on the basis of their skeletons are:

1. Cartilaginous fishes
2. Bony fishes

Question 2

Define the terms:

(a) Species

(b) Clitellum

(c) Moulting

(d) Diaphragm

(e) Nocturnal animals

Answer

(a) Species — Species means an organism of particular kind whose members can interbreed among themselves to produce fertile young ones.

(b) Clitellum — The clitellum is a specialized reproductive structure found in certain annelids, particularly in earthworms. It is a short cylindrical band of thick glandular skin that surrounds the body like a belt and is around one-third distance of the body from the front end in the segments 14-16.

(c) Moulting — The casting off and the regrowing of the exoskeleton is collectively called moulting. It occurs in Arthropods.

(d) Diaphragm — A muscular structure separating thorax and abdomen internally in mammals is called diaphragm.

(e) Nocturnal animals — Animals that are active during night are known as nocturnal animals.

Question 3

Write the specific location and function of:

(a) Microscopic spicules or elastic spongin fibre

(b) Tentacles

(c) Parapodium

(d) Fins

(e) Feathers

Answer

(a) Microscopic spicules or elastic spongin fibre.
Location — It forms the skeleton of Sponges.
Function — Structural support and defense against predators.

(b) Tentacles
Location — around mouth in Coelentrates.
Function — To catch food organisms.

(c) Parapodium
Location — Found in certain marine annelids. Usually located on either side of a segment, extending outward from the body wall. Function — Locomotion.

(d) Fins
Location — Found in Class Pisces (Fishes) organisms. They have fins instead of limbs.
Function — Swimming.

(e) Feathers
Location — Found in Class Aves (Birds) organisms. They have an exoskeleton of feathers.
Function — To facilitate flying.

Question 4

Rearrange the following categories of classification in their proper sequence starting with the highest.

species, family, genus, class, order, phylum.

Answer

Phylum → Class → Order → Family → Genus → Species

Question 5

Rewrite the following scientific names correctly.

ficus religiosa (peepal), zea Mays (maize) and Bombyx Mori (silk moth).

Answer

1. Ficus religiosa (Peepal)
2. Zea mays (Maize)
3. Bombyx mori (Silkmoth)

Question 6

Match the names of animal groups in Column I with the names of animals in column II.

Which names are left out that do not match and why?

Answer

Amphibia from Column I and Pigeon from column II are left out. They do not match as Pigeon comes under Class Aves and not Class Amphibia.

Question 7

Give the scientific names of man, domestic cat, and peepal tree.

Answer

Man — Homo sapiens

Domestic cat — Felis domesticus

Peepal tree — Ficus religiosa

Question 8

Why are scientific names of living beings considered better than their common names?

Answer

In science, people from different countries with different languages have to read about each others research. So, it was necessary to eliminate any possible confusion created by local names. Scientific names are based on certain rules which are universal. They are unique and can be used to identify an organism anywhere around the world. That is why, scientific names of living beings are considered better than their common names.

Question 9

Mention any two drawbacks in classifying organisms under the old two kingdom classification.

Answer

Carolus Linnaeus In 1758, anciently divided all living organisms into two kingdoms : The drawbacks of this classification are:

1. Bacteria were kept in Kingdom Plantae. These organisms have no chlorophyll and do not carry out photosynthesis. Bacteria do not have a definite nucleus nor a nuclear membrane nor chromosomes.
2. Fungi were kept in Kingdom Plantae. Bread mould is a multicellular fungi. However, it does not possess roots, stem and leaves, lacks chlorophyll and does bear any flowers, fruits and seeds like plants.

Question 10

All humans on earth today may differ widely in their facial features, colour, height, etc. Yet, they belong to a single species Homo sapiens. Give one reason why they are not considered belonging to different species.

Answer

Species means an organism of a particular kind whose members can interbreed among themselves to produce fertile young ones.

All humans on the earth today may differ widely in their facial features, colour, height, etc. Yet, they belong to a single species Homo sapiens because they can interbreed among themselves and produce a normal offspring.

Question 11

Give any one difference between each of the following :

(a) Insecta and Arachnida

(b) Flatworm and Roundworm

Answer

(a) Insecta have three pairs of legs whereas Arachnida have four pairs of legs.

(b) Flatworm has a thin, dorsoventrally flattened body whereas Roundworm has long cylindrical body that is tapered at both ends.

Question 12

Mention any one major similarity and one major difference in the following pairs of animals:

(a) Insects and Birds

(b) Whales and Fishes

(c) Snakes and Earthworms

(d) Bat and Pigeon

(e) Cuttlefish and Dogfish

(f) Wall lizard and Frog

Answer

(a) Insects and Birds

Similarity — Both Insects and Birds have wings.

Difference — Insects are invertebrates whereas birds as vertebrates.

(b) Whales and Fishes

Similarity — Both Whales and Fishes are aquatic.

Difference — Whales breathe through lungs whereas fishes breathe through gills.

(c) Snakes and Earthworms

Similarity — Both Snakes and Earthworms do not have any limbs.

Difference — Earthworms are invertebrates whereas snakes are vertebrates.

(d) Bat and Pigeon

Similarity — Both Bat and Pigeon breathe through lungs.

Difference — Bats have external ears whereas pigeons have internal ears.

(e) Cuttlefish and Dogfish

Similarity — Both Cuttlefish and Dogfish are marine animals.

Difference — Dogfish is a vertebrate whereas cuttlefish is an invertebrate.

(f) Wall lizard and Frog

Similarity — Both Wall lizard and Frog are cold-blooded.

Difference — Wall lizards live on land whereas frogs can live both on land and water.

Long Answer Type

Question 1

Distinguish between the following pairs :

(a) Invertebrates and vertebrates

(b) Ectothermal and Homeothermal animals

(c) Monera and Protista

(d) Bryophytes and Pteridophytes

(e) Roundworms and Ringed worms

Answer

(a) Difference between Invertebrates and vertebrates:

(b) Difference between Ectothermal and Homeothermal animals:

(c) Difference between Monera and Protista:

(d) Difference between Bryophytes and Pteridophytes:

(e) Difference between Roundworms and Ringed worms:

Question 2

Explain the meaning of the terms cold-blooded and warm-blooded (homeothermal).

Answer

Cold-blooded animals — These animals cannot maintain their body temperature. Their body temperature fluctuates directly with the temperature of the environment. Animals of classes Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia are cold-blooded animals.

Warm-blooded animals (homeothermal) — These animals maintain an almost constant, relatively high body temperature irrespective of the temperature of the environment. Animals of classes Aves and Mammalia are warm-blooded or homeothermal animals.

Structured / Application / Skill Type

Question 1

Study the figure given below and answer the following questions.

(a) Identify the organism shown in the picture.

(b) To which kingdom does the organism belong?

(c) Mention two characteristics of the organism that differentiate it from plants.

Answer

(a) The organism shown in the picture is Toadstool (a mushroom).

(b) The organism belongs to the Kingdom Fungi.

(c) Two characteristics of the Toadstool that differentiates it from plants are:

1. Toadstool (mushroom) does not have roots, stem and leaves whereas plants have roots, stem and leaves.
2. Fungi have no chlorophyll whereas plants have chlorophyll and they make their own food by photosynthesis (autotrophic i.e. self nourishing).

Question 2

Look at the figure given below and answer the question that follow :

(a) Mention the kingdom, phylum and class to which the organism belongs.

(b) Write any two significant characteristics of the organism belonging to the class mentioned in (i).

(c) Mention two key features of the phylum mentioned in (i) and write the names of the five classes that it has been divided into.

Answer

(a) The organism belongs:
Kingdom — Animalia
Phylum — Chordata
Class — Aves

(b) The two significant characteristics of the organism belonging to the class Aves are :

1. Their forelimbs are modified into wings.
2. They are warm blooded or homeothermal.

(c) The two key features of the phylum Chordata are:

1. They have an internal skeleton.
2. A backbone is present.

(d) The names of the five classes that it has been divided into are :

1. Pisces(Fishes)
2. Amphibia(Frog)
3. Reptilia(Lizards)
4. Aves (Birds)
5. Mammalia (Hairy quadrupeds)

Question 3

The figures shown below represent animals of one phylum.

(a) Mention the phylum to which the above animals belong.

(b) Write the habitat of these animals.

(c) Identify the animals (A, B, C and D).

(d) Name the cavity enclosed by the two-layered body wall.

(e) Name the locomotory structure shown in the figures.

Answer

(a) Cnidaria

(b) Aquatic habitat

(c) The animals are:

     A → Sea anemone
     B → Hydra
     C → Jellyfish
     D → Red Coral

(d) Coelenteron

(e) Tentacles

Question 4

TYRANNOSAURUS (One of the extinct animals which lived on the Earth about 100,000,000 years ago) Tyrannosaurus was about six metres long and it preyed upon other animals.

What do you think about its classification — was it an amphibian, a reptile or a mammal? Can you call it a relative of Kangaroo? Yes/No. Give reason

Answer

Tyrannosaurus are reptile.

Tyrannosaurus is not a relative of Kangaroo as Kangaroo is a mammal and Tyrannosaurus is a reptile.

Characteristics of Tyrannosaurus:

1. Body had scales which can be horny.
2. Lays eggs that have a leathery shell.
3. Had three-chambered heart as ventricles are partially divided.
4. Cold-blooded animals.