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Chapter 6

Scratch Programming

Class 6 - APC Understanding Computer Studies



Choose the correct option

Question 1

At what position does the default sprite appear on the stage?

  1. Middle
  2. Left-top
  3. Right-top
  4. Centre

Answer

Centre

Reason — The default sprite appears at the centre of the stage.

Question 2

What will be the coordinates of the sprite when it is at its default position on the stage?

  1. X=0,Y=180
  2. X=0,Y=0
  3. X=180,Y=0
  4. X= -180,Y=0

Answer

X=0,Y=0

Reason — The default position of the sprite on the stage is at the origin. Hence, the coordinates of the sprite are X=0,Y=0.

Question 3

Under which of the following category, the block to start any event is available?

  1. Looks
  2. Motion
  3. Play
  4. Events

Answer

Events

Reason — The event blocks are used to sense events and trigger the script to run. The various options in this category are 'when flag clicked', 'when selected key pressed', 'when this sprite clicked' etc.

Question 4

What is the significance of 'Motion' block in scratch programming?

  1. To change the costume
  2. To control the movement of the sprite
  3. To change the colour of the sprite
  4. To delete the sprite

Answer

To control the movement of the sprite

Reason — Motion block contains various blocks like move, turn to degrees (clockwise or anti-clockwise), point in direction, point towards, etc. These blocks control the movement of sprites on the stage in different directions.

Question 5

Which of the following blocks is used to perform basic arithmetical operations?

  1. Motion
  2. Control
  3. Operators
  4. Sound

Answer

Operators

Reason — The operator blocks contain arithmetic operators like +, -, *, / etc. Hence, they are used to perform arithmetical operations.

State True or False

Question 1

It is difficult to customise the backdrop in scratch programming.
False

Question 2

You can change an existing sprite with another sprite on the stage.
True

Question 3

You can add multiple sprites on the stage.
True

Question 4

Unwanted costumes can be deleted from the list.
True

Question 5

The blocks provide different actions to each sprite or backdrop.
True

Question 6

The sprite library allows different costumes to sprites.
True

Question 7

The sound block is used to play audio effects during animation or a game creation.
True

Question 8

The Flag is clicked to run and halt the execution of an animation.
False

Fill in the blanks

Question 1

Scratch is a visual programming language.

Question 2

The platform on which animation is created is called the stage.

Question 3

Backdrop is the background of the stage on the Scratch window.

Question 4

Each object available on the stage is known as a sprite.

Question 5

The scratch language is designed and created by Mitchel Resnick at the MIT Media Lab, USA.

Question 6

The default sprite in scratch is Cat.

Question 7

The command pen down allows to write or draw figures or shapes on the stage.

Question 8

By default, the stage has a white background with the default sprite.

Name the following

Question 1

Three components of the Scratch Editor

Answer

  1. Sprite
  2. Stage
  3. Script area

Question 2

Three categories of the Blocks

Answer

  1. Motion
  2. Looks
  3. Sound

Question 3

Three shapes of a script block

Answer

  1. Hat block
  2. Stack block
  3. C block

Question 4

Three commands of Pen block

Answer

  1. Stamp
  2. Pen up
  3. Pen down

Question 5

Three commands of Control block

Answer

  1. wait
  2. forever
  3. if-then

Match the blocks with their appropriate scripts

Question 1

BlocksScripts
Eventsturn clockwise 15 degrees
Controlswitch costume to costume2
Soundwhen flag clicked
Motionplay sound 'meow' until done
Looksforever

Answer

BlocksScripts
Eventswhen flag clicked
Controlforever
Soundplay sound 'meow' until done
Motionturn clockwise 15 degrees
Looksswitch costume to costume2

Case-Study Based Questions

Question 1

There are different categories of blocks with different colours and shapes which perform various actions on sprites or backdrops in Scratch programming. Some of the categories of blocks are given below with their colours and uses. Identify them as per the given description.

(a) This block is coded with purple colour. It changes the appearance of a sprite or backdrop.

(b) This block is coded with light blue colour. It controls the movement of sprites on the stage in different directions.

(c) This block is coded with golden colour. It is said to be the 'container block'.

(d) This block is coded with dark green colour. It is used to draw lines and different shapes on the stage.

Answer

(a) Looks block

(b) Motion block

(c) Control block

(d) Pen block

Write Short Notes (with the reference to Scratch)

Question 1

Sprite

Answer

A sprite is an object that performs some actions on the stage. It can be posted from the sprite library, an image taken from a camera or can be created with a paintbrush. The default sprite is the Cat. It appears at the centre of the stage.

Question 2

Costume

Answer

A costume is another picture of a sprite with slight variations. Some sprites have more than one costume, while others do not. By hovering over the sprite with the mouse in the sprite library, we can check if the selected sprite has more than one costume.

Question 3

Backdrop

Answer

The backdrop is the background of the stage on the scratch window. It gives a real look of the animation when the project is run on the stage. By default, the background of the stage is white. We can decorate the background by choosing a backdrop of our choice from the pre-defined library.

Question 4

Stage

Answer

A stage is a platform where objects appear while creating an animation. An effect added to any object is visualised on the stage. By default, the stage has a white background.

Question 5

Blocks

Answer

Blocks are puzzle pieces of different shapes that are used to create a scratch code. These blocks are dragged and connected vertically on the script area to form a script.

There are different categories of blocks like motion, looks, sound, event, control, sensing, operators, variables, my blocks, pen etc. These categories perform different kinds of actions on sprites or backdrops.

Question 6

C Block

Answer

This block is available under the control block and is used to set up a loop or check if a condition is true or not. This block takes the shape of the letter 'C'.

Question 7

Hat Block

Answer

This block is essentially needed to start a script. It is called hat block because the scripts under such block have rounded tops which look like a hat. All hat blocks are either control blocks, event blocks or more blocks.

Question 8

Stack Block

Answer

This block is used to perform the main commands in a script program. It is shaped with a notch at the top and a bump at the bottom. The specific shapes allows adding of more scripts above and below the block.

Long Answer Questions

Question 1

What is scratch programming? What are its uses?

Answer

Scratch is a visual programming language. It is also known as the block based programming language, where a set of blocks are joined together to make a scratch script. It can be easily used by students, teachers and parents.

Scratch programming can be used to create:

  1. animations
  2. games
  3. art
  4. interactive stories

Question 2

State the uses of the following blocks:

(a) Motion

(b) Events

(c) Control

Answer

(a) Motion block
Motion block controls the movement of sprites on the stage in different directions. Some of the blocks in this category are move, turn to degrees, point in direction, point towards etc.

(b) Events block
The event blocks are used to sense events and trigger the script to run. The various options in this category are 'when flag clicked', 'when selected key pressed', ' when this sprite clicked', etc.

(c) Control block
Control block is used to control the actions of a sprite on the stage. Here, the actions like decision making or creating a loop are carried out. Some of the control blocks are wait, repeat, forever, if-then, if-then-else, etc.

Question 3

What are the points that you will keep in mind while writing a scratch script?

Answer

The points that we should keep in mind while writing a scratch script are:

  1. Select the sprite to be programmed.
  2. Choose an appropriate backdrop that suits our animation.
  3. If we want to show different costumes, then choose the specific sprite from the costume library.
  4. 'When flag clicked' is the first block to be used for all scratch scripts. Select it from 'Event' block and drop it to script area.
  5. Select and click on other specific blocks to get more blocks, as per need.
  6. Click and drag appropriate blocks, followed by dropping them to the script area.
  7. Now, join all these blocks as per the plan. We can add more blocks if needed.
  8. Finally, click the 'Flag' button and test the animation.

Question 4

How will you delete an unwanted sprite from the stage? Explain.

Answer

To delete an unwanted sprite from the stage, follow these steps-

Step 1 — Select the sprite from the sprite list.

Step 2 — Click the 'Delete' button, available on the right top of the selected sprite.

Step 3 — The selected sprite will be deleted from the stage.

Question 5

Write down the steps to perform the following tasks:

(a) to change a sprite.

(b) to add multiple sprites on the stage.

(c) to add backdrop on the stage.

Answer

(a) The steps to change a sprite are as follows:

Step 1 — Click the 'Choose a Sprite' button available below the stage area. A window will appear.

Step 2 — Choose and click the category from the sprite window, followed by the sprite from the list. The chosen sprite will appear at a random location on the stage. However, the default sprite will also be present on the stage.

Step 3 — After adding the new sprite, you can either hide or delete the default sprite from the stage.

Step 4 — To hide the default sprite, select the sprite and click the 'Hide’ button, which is available below the stage area.

Step 5 — To delete the default sprite, select the sprite from the sprite list. Click the 'Delete' button, available on the right top of the selected sprite.

(b) The steps to add multiple sprites on the stage are as follows:

Step 1 — Click the 'Choose a Sprite' button available below the stage area. A window will appear.

Step 2 — Choose and click the category from the sprite window, followed by the sprite from the list. The chosen sprite will appear at a random location on the stage. The default sprite will also be present on the stage.

Step 3 — Follow step 1 and step 2 to add more sprites.

Step 4 — You can set the position of the sprites by using drag and drop technique within the stage area.

(c) The steps to add backdrop on the stage are as follows:

Step 1 — Select the button 'Choose a Backdrop' which is available below the stage area. The 'Choose a Backdrop’ window will be displayed.

Step 2 — Select a specific category from the 'Choose a Backdrop' window. The various backdrop matching your category will appear.

Step 3 — Click the desired backdrop.

Step 4 — The backdrop will be displayed on the stage.

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